Wernher Von Braun and The History of the V-2 Rocket

Wernher Von Braun and The History of the V-2 Rocket Rockets and rockets can fill in as weapons frameworks thatâ deliver touchy warheads to focuses by methods for rocket impetus. Rocket is a general term that depicts any stream moved rocket which is pushed forward from the rearward discharge of issue like hot gases. Rocketry was initially evolved in China when firecracker presentations and black powder were designed. Hyder Ali, sovereign of Mysore, India, built up the principal war rockets in the eighteenth century, utilizing metal chambers to hold the burning powder required for impetus. The First A-4 Rocket At that point, in the long run, came the A-4 rocket. Later called the V-2, the A-4 was a solitary stage rocket created by the Germans andâ fueled by liquor and fluid oxygen. It stood 46.1 feet high and had a pushed of 56,000 pounds. The A-4 had a payload limit of 2,200 pounds and could arrive at a speed of 3,500 miles for each hour. The initial A-4 was propelled from Peenemunde, Germany on October 3, 1942. It arrived at an elevation of 60 miles, breaking the sound wall. It was the universes first dispatch of a ballistic rocket and the main rocket ever to go into the edges of room. The Rockets Beginnings Rocket clubs were jumping up all over Germany in the mid 1930s. A youthful designer named Wernher von Braun went along with one of them, the Verein hide Raumschiffarht or Rocket Society. The German military was looking for a weapon at the time that would not damage the Versailles Treaty of World War I yet would protect its nation. Mounted guns captain Walter Dornbergerâ was doled out to examine the possibility of utilizing rockets. Dornberger visited the Rocket Society. Intrigued with the club’s eagerness, he offered its individuals what might be compared to $400 to fabricate a rocket.â Von Braun chipped away at the task through the spring and summer of 1932 possibly to have the rocket bomb when it was tried by the military. Be that as it may, Dornberger was intrigued with von Braun and employed him to lead the militarys rocket mounted guns unit. Von Brauns characteristic gifts as a pioneer sparkled, just as his capacity to acclimatize incredible amounts of information while keeping the comprehensive view in mind. By 1934, von Braun and Dornberger had a group of 80 specialists set up, building rockets in Kummersdorf, around 60 miles south of Berlin.â A New Facility With the effective dispatch of two rockets, Max and Moritz, in 1934, von Brauns proposition to take a shot at a fly helped take-off gadget for overwhelming planes and all-rocket contenders was conceded. Be that as it may, Kummersdorf was excessively little for the assignment. Another office must be constructed. Peenemunde, situated on the Baltic coast, was picked as the new site. Peenemunde was enormous enough to dispatch and screen rockets over reaches up to around 200 miles with optical and electric watching instruments along the direction. Its area represented no danger of hurting individuals or property. The A-4 Becomes the A-2 At this point, Hitler had assumed control over Germany and Herman Goering administered the Luftwaffe. Dornberger held an open trial of the A-2 and it was fruitful. Financing kept on streaming in to von Brauns group, and they proceeded to build up the A-3 and, at long last, the A-4. Hitler chose to utilize the A-4 as a retaliation weapon in 1943, and the gathering wound up building up the A-4 to rain explosives on London. Fourteen months after Hitler requested it into creation, on September 7, 1944, the primary battle A-4 presently called the V-2 was propelled toward Western Europe. At the point when the primary V-2 hit London, von Braun commented to his partners, The rocket worked impeccably with the exception of arriving on an inappropriate planet. The Teams Fate The SS and the Gestapo at last captured von Braun for violations against the state since he continued looking at building rockets that would circle the earth and maybe even go to the moon. His wrongdoing was enjoying silly dreams when he ought to have been focusing on building greater rocket bombs for the Nazi war machine. Dornberger persuaded the SS and the Gestapo to discharge von Braun on the grounds that there would be no V-2 without him and Hitler would have them all shot. At the point when he showed up back at Peenemunde, von Braun promptly gathered his arranging staff. He asked themâ to choose how and to whom they should give up. A large portion of the researchers were scared of the Russians. They felt the French would treat them like slaves, and the British needed more cash to finance a rocket program. That left the Americans. Von Braun took a train with produced papers and eventually drove 500 individuals through war-torn Germany to give up to the Americans. The SS was given requests to murder the German designers, who concealed their notes in a mine and sidestepped their own military while looking for the Americans. At last, the group found an American private and gave up to him. The Americans promptly went to Peenemunde and Nordhausen and caught all the rest of the V-2s and V-2 parts. They decimated the two spots with explosives. The Americans carried more than 300 train vehicles stacked with save V-2 sections to the U.S. A considerable lot of von Brauns creation group were caught by the Russians.

Help With Writing a Paper

Help With Writing a PaperThere are many different ways that you can help with writing a paper. Using them all will ensure that your writing skills improve quickly. The one thing that you should do regardless of how your writing skills develop is to write!If you find yourself bored with the writing process, you should always keep it on your mind to make changes and improve your writing style. You will learn that doing this will give you a sense of satisfaction that can only be measured in terms of achievement. Your friends will talk about your achievements and the people who read your work will often look forward to your next paper.A good writer will also look for ways to improve his or her ability. They will create an outline of the areas they want to improve, start each part of the paper, and then continue to improve and to write steadily. Writing a paper is not something that you can get away with at a workshop. It takes a lot of effort and self-discipline to write a decent paper a nd that self-discipline will carry over to other parts of your life as well.Sometimes a topic that you may be interested in will interest others. Once you have written a draft, you can use a different point of view and begin to write a new paper. With new thoughts you can help with writing a paper. This is useful if you have a new idea and want to help with writing a paper about it.Writing a paper to help with writing is a good way to feel more organized. While you will certainly develop some organizational skills by writing, you can be more creative when you help with writing a paper. You may want to change some of the information about your topic and then bring out a new idea. Writing is a great way to do this.There is no specific time frame when you can call 'The day that I realized I could write'When I learned that I could help with writing a paper'. It may take a while to realize that you have more potential than you realize. And if you think about how long it took you to learn to write that piece of paper, you will see that it is very possible that it may not take you that long to become the best writer you can be.There are many simple methods to help with writing a paper. It is just a matter of keeping to a schedule. Plan the paper well in advance and know what to expect. It is important to keep your expectations realistic so that you can allow yourself to be inspired to write when you have a great idea.You can learn more by talking to others that have been published. There are a variety of ways to help with writing a paper, and it will not take long before you are able to write a paper that everyone looks forward to reading.

Comparative Essay - World Issu essays

Near Essay - World Issu expositions If we somehow managed to make a second to stride back and take a gander at the network that we are a piece of, what might we see? We would see many structures bringing in cash and giving occupations, enterprises adding to our locale. We would see individuals making a trip to work ordinary, which gives a steady pay to the family so they will have the option to appreciate one more month of suppers and have a sense of security in the warm solaces of their homes. We would be advantaged with the accessibility of social insurance and training. The extravagances that we can get and appreciate are all around evolved than different countries, so why, with war, would we like to restrict the development and advancement of different nations? Do we discover rush or fulfillment in accomplishing more noteworthy force and status? Our pioneers must impact to better their country with cash, consciousness of their kin, avocation and readiness for potential perils. All we demand that Congress be shrewd with your cash, were going to ensure we spend enough to win this war. (Bramble: Saddam Throwing Last Chance Away) President George W. Bramble demands that so as to permit the abused individuals of Iraq, whose lives we care about, to live in opportunity and freedom, (Bush: Saddam Throwing Last Chance Away) the main goals is to freed Iraq of Saddam Hussein. Hedge additionally states, we dont accept opportunity and freedom are Americas blessing to the world. We accept theyre Almightys blessing to humankind. (Bramble: Saddam Throwing Last Chance Away) If this was the situation why not immediate more cash to all the more likely form the world as opposed to utilizing cash for annihilation. Pentagon gauges state that an attack of Iraq could prompted the passings of 10 000 guiltless regular folks. (10 Reasons To Oppose The War With Iraq) There are more prominent commitments that one can offer throughout everyday life, one that crushes this chance, ruins the opportunity of future turn of events. CBO evaluated that the... <!

Critical Analysis Essay Example Secrets That No One Else Knows About

Critical Analysis Essay Example Secrets That No One Else Knows About Introducing Critical Analysis Essay Example Although some students like providing a great deal of information in the debut, it is wise to be brief and direct. Due to the awesome range within psychology, the absolute most regularly appropriate forms of critical thought have an inclination to differ in many topics. The info will aid your reader understand the essence of the job under analysis. Among the places where I feel I have needed to use my critical thinking skills is in the region of gauging information on the Internet. The second factor to think about is depth of analysis. Even though the important reflection procedure may appear simple it could be in depth based on the situation accessible. Getting critical is an additional consideration. One of the primary problems is the shortage of human to human connectivity that's a huge deal in a country like India. If you discover that the writer did not provide precisely what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. When writing creatively, there are lots of matters you ought to think about. Your summary of the job will be contained within the body. The history teacher or assignment outline may request a certain number of paragraphs. The One Thing to Do for Critical Analysis Essay Example Before you start your essay, it's important to examine an outline. Before you begin your essay, it's important to think about an outline. Don't forget to proofread your critical essay once you are finished with that. In general, it co uld be less difficult to write than a first-person essay! The paragraphs which form the body of a history essay provides historical evidence to back up the thesis statement. Nowadays it's very hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. Nevertheless, critical essays are more than simply a review of the contents of the other work that you want to write upon. It is very important to discover genuine sources which provide dependable and accurate information lest one's essay is full of lies and inaccurate details. Getting the Best Critical Analysis Essay Example While reading the text, or watching the movie, it's essential to note the critical concepts and ideas an author or director or painter made a decision to incorporate in their work. Also, it's going to enable you to be certain of the author's skills and get a sensible advice about any subject you find difficult. For instance, if you're critically analyzing a slice of literature, you need to consider the characters, the setting, the plot, and any other parts your instructo r deems worthy. Do not automatically think that because your reader knows what you're writing about, you don't need to mention the work's title. It is extremely important to put forth the notion of the author of the text you've picked up. Evaluate whether the author has achieved the purpose of their written work. When someone understands what the writer or speaker is attempting to convey, they are ready to agree or disagree with the writer or speaker as they have the knowledge to produce their choice. Top Critical Analysis Essay Example Secrets Critical reflection is believed upon at all times by the majority of people on an everyday basis. Studies show that lots of folks who can read and write in paper and pen doesn't understand the way to use the net and thus are being unable to use the e-governance initiatives that the government is coming up with. Critical thinking is crucial to any writing project. Simply paraphrasing somebody else's work is still regarded to be plagiarism. If you've a lready graduated from college or university and are looking for an excellent job, you want to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. For instance, suppose you're studying Moby-Dick. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Critical Analysis Essay Example Is Wrong In contrast to popular belief by a considerable part of students, critical essay writing isn't about criticizing or focusing on the negative element of analysis. The Introduction contains the vital facts which are likely to be shown in each paragraph. Asking the correct questions gives a person more specific information regarding the situation. Formulate the statement you prefer to make about this issue you stated. The topic is going to have some say in the order that you pick. It is very important to select the topic you're interested and familiar with.

The Differences Between The British And The Colonists

Most colonists referred to themselves as English subjects until 1763, when the administrative changes and enforcement of imperial policies brought the differences between the British and the colonists. These differences prevailed between 1763 and 1776, when the British enforced series of policies and acts/taxes that restricted the colonists on certain things under the Grenville ministry, this then led to the colonists intensified resistance through different types of protests and revolts towards other taxes, and in turn strengthened their commitment to republican values by influencing them to establish a new nation. After the Peace of Paris, 1763, the British, after fifty years, felt at peace after several years of wars. However, they were also left with a tremendous amount of debts, which led them to enforce several policies, taxes and acts in the colonies, wrecking the colonial and the British relationship. The prime minister to George III, George Grenville, introduced a series of Acts to the colonists that issued a tax on certain supplies. After the proclamation of 1763 that restricted the colonist from traveling westward of the Appalachian Mountains. This angered the colonists greatly and they resisted by continuing to move westward, making the proclamation ineffective. Under Grenville’s program, the very first taxation on sugar was passed under the Sugar Act of 1764. It raised taxes on sugar and reduced taxes on molasses. This only affected few of the merchants,Show MoreRelatedColonization of Spain and Britain Essays647 Words   |  3 Pagesstruggle between the global superpowers du ring that time period, Spain and Britain, to win control of North America. Prior to 1763, these entities battled over territory on the continent, eventually leading the Britain’s dominance. The economic, social, and political differences between the Spanish and British colonization efforts created the opportunity to Britain to overtake North America. To begin, economic factors greatly contributed to the power of each entity. Both British and SpanishRead MoreDifferences Between Britain And Spanish Colonization778 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent in many aspects due to differences in their own government and policies. Both countries created colonies to increase their wealth and expand their economies, but religious freedom played a factor in British colonization. The fundamental differences between the two countries led to a difference in the way the colonies of each country interacted with its government. The relationship of British and Spanish colonists with Native Americans also reflected the differences in the motives and the governmentRead MoreThe Basic Nature Of The Colonists By Britain s New Policies After The Seven Years War906 Words   |  4 PagesAnh Vo, Class section. Ex: S02/S23/S26 Title: Assessment Spring, 2016 Describe the basic nature of the colonists’ reactions to Britain’s new policies after the Seven Years’ War. Were the colonists demonstrating social responsibility? How or how not? Did social responsibility tie to their ideas of politics and protest? How or how not? Did their actions set a precedent for protest in the United States? Defend your answer. The victory in the Seven Years War leftRead MoreFrench and Indian War Dbq1152 Words   |  5 PagesFrench and Indian War (1754-1763), the relationship between the British and the American colonies underwent many radical changes. This war drew the British into America to fight the French alongside of the American colonists. Once the fighting began, the vast economic, political, and ideological differences between the colonists and their mother country of Great Britain surfaced. The French and Indian War impacted the political correlation between Britain and the American colonies because the coloniesRead MoreThe Nineteen Years War : An Instrumental Turning Point For The American Colonies1746 Words   |  7 Pagesin 1763 was an instrumental turning point for the American Colonies. Shortly after the initial excitement of winning the Seven Years War ended, tensions between the American colonies and the British Empire rose. These tensions were largely due to the financial mess that was created by the war, miscommunication, and a struggle for power. The British Empire’s need to regain power over the American colonies and organize the new territories gained by the war served to intensify the tension. These tensionsRead MoreAmerica, A Narrative History Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesthe spanish explorers faced when attempting to conquer new lands. The primary problem the explorers faced was with the current inhabitants of the lands they wanted to conquer, especially with the cultural differences between populations. On article that exemplifies the cultural differences between the Native Americans and the Spanish Explorers is the third-person biographical narrative called â€Å"The Collision of Cultures.† The narrative gives the reader insight on what the indians and the explorers pre-judgementRead MoreSimilarities Between The French Revolution And American Revolution1067 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are many important similarities and differences that are seen throughout the war’s history. Conflict arose in 1775 when tension grew in the people of the 13 colonies in North America. The British governments attempted to collect revenue by taxing the colonies. In 1770, British soldiers open fire on a mob of colonists, killing 5 men which is known as the Boston Massacre. By June of 1776, the revolutionary war was in full swing and a majority of the colonists agreed to fight for freedom from BritainRead MoreAmerican Nationalism And The Causes Of The Boston Tea Party948 Words   |  4 Pages American colonists left Britain with hopes of living in the freedom offered by the new land of immigrants and colonies. Instead, they were blindsided by the unfair treatment of the British, and were taken advantage of by the unwarranted power the Parliament had over the colonists. After years of being left alone by Britain, the Americans were threatened once again by the unprecedented control of the British Parliament as they were determined to be the strongest imperial power in the world . AfterRead MoreCompare and Contrast Spanish and British Colonization Efforts in North America Prior to 1763.1475 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast Spanish and British colonization efforts in North America prior to 1763. Prior to 1763, both Spanish and British colonization efforts expanded into various regions of North America. In less than a century, from 1625 to 1700, the movements of peoples and goods from Europe to North America transformed the continent. Native Americans either resisted or accommodated the newcomers depending on the region of the colony. Though the English colonies were by far the most populousRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War For Independence779 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the American Revolution or, to the colonists, â€Å"The War for Independence.† The American Revolution did not happen by itself but past conflicts such as the seven years war provoked the future event of the American Revolution. The seven year war was fought between the Thirteen Colonies and the French Empire as well as Native American allies, over territory in America. Before the seven year war, the British government proposed the colonists to pay for protection and also for a ro yal leader

Teen Pregnancy Should Be Pregnant Before The Age Of Twenty

The United States has the highest teen birth rate in the world, every year the United States experiences 610,000 teen pregnancies (Bleakly 2006). The figures show that three in ten adolescent girls will become pregnant before the age of twenty. People ages 15-24 represent 25 eighteen 70 percent of United States females, and 62 percent of males have had sex. About 3.2 million adolescent females are infected with the most common STI’s, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea (Bleakly 2006). The likelihood of teens having sex increases with each school grade level, from 32 percent in ninth grade to 62 percent in 12th grade (Ito 2006). In 2012, a total of 305,388 babies were born to a group (Oglesby 2012). The United States teen birth rate is one and a half times higher than that in the UK, and more than twice as high as in Canada (Eisenberg 2007). There continues to be too high levels of sexual risk-taking by teens, 47 percent of the high schools students reported having sex at least once and the other 63 percent said they have engaged in sex, by the spring semester of their senior year (Santelli). Teenagers are not using contraceptives carefully, and consistently. 40 of every 1,000 girls ages 15 to 19 gave birth in 2005(Oglesby 2012). Pregnancy and birth are significant contributors to high school dropout rates among girls. Only about fifty percent of teen moms receive a high school diploma by the age twenty-two, versus approximately ninety percent of women who had not given birthShow MoreRelatedCrisis in America714 Words   |  3 PagesIn most places and communities, teen pregnancy is a problem. It affects the life of teen girls and teen boys negatively. They can go on to have a good life, but having a child as a teen will reduce your chances of fulfilling your potential. Teen pregnancy is a widespread problem that could be solved if people were more involved. In twenty twelve, there were twenty nine point four births for every one thousand adolescent females ages fifteen through nineteen. That equals out to three hundred thousandRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the pregnancy of an adolescent girl. Early pregnancy, commonly referred to as teenage pregnancy, is an ongoing crisis throughout the world. However, the United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the world. Since its peak in 1990, teen pregnancy rates have declined by half, but they are still fairly high. According to the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, â€Å"roughly one in four teens girls in the U.S. will get pregnant at least once by the age of twenty† (TheRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is An Issue For A Plethora Of Reasons1344 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is an issue for a plethora of reasons. For example, there are many health risks for the mother and the baby that come along with teenage p regnancy. Although most pregnancies are accidents, this one accident can cause a complete change in the father and mother’s lives. One may ask, is teenage pregnancy on the rise? Luckily, it isn’t. Just in 2013, â€Å"there were 26.6 births for every 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 274,641 babies born to females in this age group† (â€Å"Teen Births†)Read MoreTeen Pregnancy And Its Effects On The United States1667 Words   |  7 PagesEach year around 90,000 adolescents become pregnant in the United States. Around 51% of adolescents pregnancies end in live births, 35% end up in induced abortions, and 14% result in miscarriage or stillbirth (Frick, 2007). Historically, the highest teen pregnancy rates in the United States were during the 1950’s and 1960’s before the legalization of abortion and the development of many the current forms of contraception(Frick, 2007). Rates enlarged steadily until 1991; since then, the birth rateRead MoreEssay on Babies Having Babies1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthough the teen pregnancy and birth rates have dropped by one-third over the pas t decade, teen pregnancy in the United States is a growing problem. According to data by the National Center for Health Statistics and other official data, one in three girls still become pregnant by the age of twenty (Brown lines 1-3). In the United States one million adolescent girls become pregnant every year causing the U.S. to be the leader of the developed world in teen pregnancy. One in four of these teen girls willRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens1643 Words   |  7 PagesEvery teen has dream about how they want to graduate from high school and then go to college, but some teens are not willing to take the challenge. Some of these teens want to drop out of high school and other teens want to keep furthering their education. For some there are obstacle that life throw at them to be able to accomplish their goals. Earning an education is challenging enough, but when there is a teen parent trying to finish their education it becomes more difficult than it would beR ead MoreTeenage Pregnancy At A Young Age1273 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment should be in place. Without a stable environment, it can cause that child to act out and chaos will be a result of that. During teenage years, kids will often experiment with the opposite sex due to curiosity and things they are learning from their peers. Teenage pregnancy has many outside influences besides the individual themselves, one being the media. The teen’s sex education level can explain a lot about the knowledge they have on the topic. Pregnancy at a young age is becoming moreRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1341 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a prominent dilemma in our nation because it continues to place adolescents into delinquency. According to the United States Health and Human Services, three out of ten American teen girls will become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of twenty. That is nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies in a year (1) (HHS Pg.2 2 014). Also according to U.S. Department of State, teen pregnancy budgets the United States and tax payers approximately seven billion dollars annually (2)Read MoreTeen Pregnancy : Teenage Pregnancy1404 Words   |  6 PagesLauryn Jones Block 5 4/27/16 What is Teen Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20. A girl can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate which can be before her first menstrual period, but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Most teenage girls don t plan to get pregnant, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the motherRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education1632 Words   |  7 Pagesinspire teens to utilize contraceptives, especially condoms, when having sex, and â€Å"abstinence edification†, which encourage teens to delay sexual activity. Teaches teens that abstinence is the best way to prevent teen pregnancies and sexual transmitted diseases including HIV. Throughout the United States, only some teens are given sex education, however others are not being taught the right way leading them to make poor choices. Teaching sex education in school should be mandatory. It should no longer

Marketing Analysis for Nintendo Wii free essay sample

Today the global company is led by Satoru Iwata, the fourth and current president, while the Nintendo of America president is Reggie Fils-Aime. Nintendo is one of the largest companies in Japan and was instrumental in re-creating the video game market. The name Nintendo can be roughly translated from Japanese to English as leave luck to heaven. As of October 18, 2010, Nintendo has sold over 565 million hardware units and 3. 4 billion software units. Nintendos near monopoly on the home video game market left it with a degree of influence over the industry exceeding even that of Atari during Ataris heyday in the early 1980s and today it seems that Nintendo sells less but makes more money. It has been profitable practically every year since it moved into the video game industry over two decades ago and has long held a dominant position in hand-held gaming, developed through a strategy of focusing on playability. The company has recently gone on record to admit that demand is simply much higher than supply for their current Wii and Wii Fit while the DS is up 142% over last year. The companys own employees have even been put on a strict Wii system purchase limit. The company says it wants to be the games company that puts smiles on the faces of people of all ages and genders, and following the sales of Wii and Wii Fit, there are likely to be grins all around at the HQ. Nintendos official website saw the largest increase in traffic recently, while the Sony PlayStation website saw a moderate decrease. The companys products are actually cheaper than that of the competition and are one of the oldest and most successful console game developers. If you want a console to play games or to use for exercise you wont go wrong with Nintendo. Nintendo is taking a radical approach by attempting to change the very way that people play games. Instead of cramming as much graphic capability as possible into its system, Nintendo has focused its effort on creating an innovative controller that makes game play simple. A user can control a game by waving the wireless controller instead of moving a joystick or furiously mashing buttons. The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii primarily competes with Microsofts Xbox 360 and Sonys PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. As of July 2011, the Wii leads the generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales and in December 2009 broke the record for best-selling console in a single month in the United States. A distinguishing feature of the console is its wireless controller, the Wii Remote, which can be used as a hand-held pointing device and detects movement in three dimensions. Another distinctive feature of the console is WiiConnect24, which enables it to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode. Nintendo’s core competencies lie among the company’s important resources including its research and development team, marketing team, manufacturing processes, and the company’s management, headed by Satoru Iwata. These resources create valuable capabilities, such as Iwata’s ability to predict the future of video gaming. The company’s Research and Development gives it a capability in innovative technology and game concepts, while marketing has allowed the company to create an effective brand. Efficient manufacturing processes allow Nintendo to reach economies of scale and produce the Wii console at a cost lower than the production of competitor game systems. A product life cycle illustrates the phases that a product goes through during its existence. The Wii since its introduction in 2006 shows a continual upwards sloping showing no sign of decline. This shows that Nintendo has redefined what was traditionally thought to be the video game console life cycle. The Nintendo Wii, based on increasing but less significant sales, is in the Growth phase and possible early Maturity phase of the product cycle. The Market The target market for video gaming at the time Nintendo Wii was introduced was primarily males eighteen to thirty five. The Marketing Theory explains that you have to identify uncovered needs in a market, segment or divide this market according to a criterion, decide which segments you want to go for and define a marketing plan and proposition coherent with it. It seems to be really easy, but real life shows that it is not! All industries are full of â€Å"me too† products instead of innovative approaches. Nintendo has been extremely smart in their approach as it has discovered and attacked a new and unexplored segment in the video-console market. They have found users that want to have fun and do not look for best of the best graphic resolution (Playstation and X-Box target group), but for ease of use and simplicity. By doing this, they have been able to expand the video-game market, attracting new users that would not have purchase a console. They have attracted a very profitable segment, one with a higher purchasing power than teenagers and what is more important, less likely to get pirate games. They are the only player in that â€Å"ease of use† segment. So Nintendo has no need to have aggressive discounts and to share the market with your competitors. The whole target market goal of the Nintendo Wii is mass market appeal. It appeals to people of all ages including non-gamers. While they offer games for a wide selection of people, they still develop games for specific markets. Nintendo Wii established their market by following a disruptive strategy. The strategy is when companies can carve out attractive positions by growing a market (rather than just trying to grab a piece of the existing market) by making it simpler, easier, or more affordable for more people to consume. The disruptive literature calls this â€Å"competing against non-consumption. This approach is powerful because it allows an entrant to stake out a position in a market while minimizing the chances of a devastating competitive response. After all, if the entrant reaches customers the market leader was not serving, the market leader feels no pain. The is using an undifferentiated market strategy, focusing on family friendly entertainment, redefined the definition of gaming, and emphasize the simplicity of use and having the goal of new gamers joining and old gamers using their system. Wii is even becoming a huge hit in nursing homes with the aging population and soccer moms. The decision making process information search is aided by the Nintendo Company. Aiding the consumer in making informed decisions about what they purchase is always important. Nintendos Buyers Guide is designed to assist the consumer with making these decisions by providing information on such things as game ratings, researching game content, and determining which accessories the consumer might need for your systems and games. The consumer must then evaluate the alternative which is best accomplished by internet search. There is a plethora of information on line comparing and contrasting the Nintendo Wii with its competitors. The next step in the consumer buying decision is the purchase. Nintendo has on their website alternatives for purchasing their equipment. Consumers wanting to purchase new systems, games and accessories may choose from a number of places where they can purchase Wii systems. Many retail stores that sell home electronics also sell video game systems, games, and accessories. These can include large national chains and smaller local retailers. There are online retailers that carry Nintendo’s newest products. Many of these companies also offer phone and mail orders if the consumer does not wish to purchase the products online. There is also the Nintendos Online Store for accessories and replacement parts. Lastly, Nintendos quality service does not stop once the purchase has been made. Whether the consumer needs assistance with system setup or repair, want to know how to get help beating a game, or just need information about their purchase in general, Nintendo’s consumer service pages can provide many answers. Nintendo does perform market research. Upon obtaining authorization from the consumer, Nintendo may use personal information for internal demographic studies, so that they can improve their websites and products to better meet their visitors needs. Nintendo may also share the information with other entities of the Nintendo group, in particular its branches in Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom and its European affiliates Nintendo France SARL, Nintendo Espana, S. A. and Nintendo Benelux B. V. to inform the consumer about their Nintendo or third party products and for internal marketing studies. Nintendo may also share the information with third-party outsourced data processors acting in the interests of Nintendo and strictly in compliance with the Nintendo Privacy Policy. Social Responsibility Nintendo of Americas new headquarters building in Redmond, Wash. , was awarded LEED Gold Status by the U. S. Green Building Council, placing it among the nations top-rated buildings for sustainability and environmental friendliness. LEED certification indicates that a company has taken measurable steps to implement green building design, construction, operations and maintenance solutions. Their product packaging including the instruction manual and inserts use vegetable based inks. Recyclable cardboard packaging has replaced PVC/PET clam shells for all accessories. Nintendo has reduced the amount of plastic used to manufacture Wii game cases by more than 25%. Economic Forces The economy seems to be improving overall, a recent USA Today article states that sales of game consoles such as the Wii â€Å"have declined from $21. 4 billion in 2008 to $18. 7 billion in 2010,† despite an increase in the number of people who play video games. Further information from BBC News shows that Nintendo’s net profits decreased by 74% in 2010. Sociocultural Forces Nintendo Wii is geared toward a family-friendly ideology, which could limit the types of games Nintendo produces, and may threaten the company’s competitive advantage. Furthermore, the company’s focus on non-gamers could threaten future game console designs because the focus demographic demands simple, easy-to-use equipment. Technological Forces Nintendo’s biggest opportunities lie in the global and technology segments of the general environment. Nintendo’s global presence gives the company the opportunity to continue developing products for many different markets. Furthermore, technology is particularly vital to Nintendo’s success and presents the most opportunities for the firm. Because the company offers a technological product, and technology is always improving, Nintendo continually has opportunities to integrate new technology into its products. Environmental Factors Internal Environment Satoru Iwata Fourth and current global president. Reggie Fils-Aime Third and current president of Nintendo Board of Directors Nintendo Software Technology Video Game Designers Hardware Manufacturers Music Composers Translators Voice Actors External Factors Customers Competitors Media Suppliers Distributors SWOT Strengths Emphasis on corporate culture Strength in finance and partnerships Innovative technologies Unique and innovative products Brand reputation and recognition Appeals to all ages Nintendo brand loyalty Less expensive that other console Ease of use Weaknesses Expand demographics Increase video game technology Improve third party games Short Supply for an in-demand product No HD Opportunities Greater presence in online community More quality in third party support Social networking and mobile devices Expand games beyond family-friendly Threats Threats of substitutes (PC and online) Changing industry environment Loss of appeal X-Box Kinect Social networking and mobile devices Nintendos financial forecasts until March 2010 had investors and analysts questioning if the company cannot keep its streak from ending. The Japanese market, which tends to serve as a leading indicator for global markets, saw Wii sales drop by 47% when comparing Nintendos fiscal year of 2008-2009, to the previous year. While analysts predicted that game console sales in general will fall in 2009, Hall argued Nintendos big advantages are isappearing amid price reductions of the Xbox 360 and rumors of Sony unveiling a motion-sensing wireless controller. Distribution Nintendo has distribution centers around the world. The regional distributors deal in only the units appropriate to their area. The American distribution centers are located in Redmond, Washington and Atlanta, Georgia. Retailers get their inventory directly from Nintendo. Nintendo may sell some of their products online however their products are also sold at Wal-Mart and other mass merchandisers. Businesses are gaining approximately $10 per unit sold. The retailers make their money from the games and accessories. Pricing The pricing strategy, when the Wii was first introduced in 2006, was no price flexibility because the Wii was already offered at a rock bottom price and was priced much lower than competitors. It was thought that the price of the Nintendo Wii will not fluctuate much since it was released to the public at such a low price. On September 23, 2009, Nintendo announced its first price drops for the console. In the United States, the price was reduced by $50 resulting in a new MSRP of $199. 99, effective September 27, 2009. Nintendo sold more than three million Wii consoles in the U. S. n December 2009, setting a regional record for the month and ending 9 months of declining sales, as a result of the price cut and software releases such as New Super Mario Bros. Wii. As of the end of that month, the Wii is the bestselling home video game console produced by Nintendo with sales of over 67 million units, surpassing that of the original Nintendo Entertainment System. As of March 31, 201 1 according to Nintendo, the Wii has sold 70. 93 million units worldwide selling 20. 53 million units within 2009-2010 fiscal year. In April, 2011, Nintendo announced they had sold 86. 01 million Wii consoles, up to that date. Promotion The promotional mix used by Nintendo Wii is demonstrated through mass selling and universal entertainment. Nintendo uses middlemen to get product out in the market by distributing the console to mass merchandisers, specialty electronic stores and gaming stores such as GameStop, Best Buy, and Wal-Mart. A combination of push and pull techniques are used in selling, however, the pull technique is the more effective of the two. Pushing is used in advertising through commercials, ads, circulars, magazines, and internet ads. Pulling is when the costumer gets the product at one of the retailers that offer the Nintendo platform. Nintendo keeps the shipment number low to the retail stores and with such high demand this keeps the customer returning to check on its availability. In the beginning Nintendo had an innovative plan to reach the public. The Nintendo Wii ran a promotion with GameStop in local malls. They called it the â€Å"Wii Mall Experience. † It was an effort to get men and women of all ages out to not only show off their skills on the system, but to show they supported the Nintendo system. Nintendos goal is to get more new people interested in playing games. This is reflected in Nintendos series of television advertisements in North America, directed by Academy Award winner Stephen Gaghan, as well as Internet ads. The ad slogans are Wii would like to play and Experience a new way to play. These ads ran starting November 15, 2006 and had a total budget of over US$200 million throughout the year. The productions are Nintendos first broad-based advertising strategy and include a two-minute video clip showing a varied assortment of people enjoying the Wii system, such as urban apartment-dwellers, country ranchers, grandparents, and parents with their children. The music in the ads is from the song Kodo (Inside the Sun Remix) by the Yoshida Brothers. The marketing campaign has proved to be successful. Pensioners, as old as 103, have been reported to be playing the Wii in the United Kingdom. A report by the British newspaper The People also stated that Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom has played using the console. Branding is involved in Nintendo. Nintendo created the Wii brand and brand equity. The name Wii was simplified so that it could be understood and remembered by people of all languages. The brand image promoted physical participation and family oriented gaming style. The strategy was distinct and delivered an emotional message that conveyed the product value. The product identity is portrayed in all advertising, symbols, slogans and events. Nintendo also devised customer based brand equity that differentiated itself from its competitors. Nintendo devised marketing that included mom’s being Wii Ambassadors, encouraged Wii parties with 30 or more friends and promoted product through word of mouth to non-traditional gamers. General Observations A marketing concept that needs improvement is the response to demand. In the beginning, Nintendo Wii was a victim of their own success. Nintendo was not ready for such a rapid growth that took their system to the top of the list. However, it should not have mattered if they could have met the high demand for their product. This marketing mistake is sending their video game buyers to their competitors. On April 26, 2011 at an investors meeting, Nintendo head Satoru Iwata stated â€Å"I now regret that we didn’t tie up with someone outside the company to market the Wii. If we had done that, the fate of the Wii might have been different,† Iwata said. Now I am aware that we should not rely too much on ourselves. You will see what I mean by this when we market the 3DS and the Wii in the future. † The marketing concept that is very successful is the targeting and promotion. Thinking outside of the box and listening to their customers, Nintendo created an innovative, cost effective and relevant product that exceeded customer expectations. Nintendo used a well-planned holistic marketing campaign which included integration, personalization, and internalization to prove that you do not have to produce a better version of an existing product to be successful in today’s market. Whats the future for the Wii? Nintendo announced the successor to the Wii, called Wii U, at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2011. The Wii U will feature a controller with an embedded touch screen, output 1080p high-definition graphics, and be fully backwards compatible with Wii games and peripherals for the Wii. The Wii Remote and Nunchuk controller, and the Wii Balance Board, will be compatible with Wii U games that include support for them. The wireless, hand-held controller for the new system includes a six-inch-wide touch-sensitive screen right there between your hands. No longer will playing a home console game mean looking at a television all the time. Instead, the controller screen can complement or replace what’s on TV. If, for instance, one person in the household is playing a game on the living room television, and someone else wants to watch television, the gamer can switch play entirely to the controller, while the TV is flipped to the other show.