Essay on Defences for Murder - 601 Words

Defences for Murder There are only three partial defences for murder; suicide pact, provocation-the loss of self control and reaction must be instantaneous and diminished responsibility. Amongst the three mentioned two are most frequently used, these are provocation and diminished responsibility, and only one full defence, self defence. These defences are used to reduce the sentence charge by the defendant to manslaughter from murder. In the following text I will be examining how men use provocation and diminished responsibility to walk free from murder. I will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of these defences and any alternatives or reforms. Firstly, provocation is seen by men†¦show more content†¦The law today is far too lenient upon men who abuse and kill their wives and claim ‘provocation’ to lessen the charge. Women are constantly beaten by their partners and some kept prisoners in their own home and eventually killed. In the case R.v.Thornton the defendant was a battered wife who killed her husband. Her husband after threatening her, the husband fell asleep, she went to the kitchen and returned with a knife stabbing him while he was asleep. Any sane person would say that she would have never taken her husband on if he were conscious, and if he were, she would have been killed not him. In the case R.v.Wilkinson the defendant had suffocated his wife in front of his four children because she was seeing another man, the defendant claimed provocation and he is currently serving 4 years. We can see from this that the system is unbalanced; it is in the favour of men and degrades the women. In the eyes of many these two defences are the focal point of the English legal system regarding murder, theft, assault etc. These defences can vary the sentence due to the severity of the actions and under what circumstances the crime was committed. 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Simpson Trial Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesincludes a bloody glove, bloody socks, hair, and fibres and a trail of blood drops connecting the crime scene and O.J.s estate. Defence lawyers say this physical evidence means nothing because it was either purposely tainted or contaminated. Kenneth Berris testified that two laundry bags are still missing from Simpsons Chicago hotel room. The bloody clothes and murder weapon have never been found. The prosecution says DNA tests place Simpsons genetic markers on the drops of blood leading away

I Attended A Jazz Recital Presented By Music - 953 Words

I attended a Jazz Recital presented by faculty on March 9th 2016 in Marlboro Hall 1076. The recital was performed by Bobby Muncy, Gene D’Andrea, Shaun Jurek, Andrew Hare and Dr. Nakia Verner. The group performed the following songs, Donna Lee composed by Charlie Parker, Wave composed by Antonio Carlos Jobim, Misty composed by Erroll Garner, Another Song(For All The Pretty People) and Impressions composed by John Coltrane. In my essay I will discuss Impressions composed by John Coltrane. Jazz is a type of music the African Americans began and is best known for the mighty mood and beat. The primary instruments connected with this type of music are brass and woodwind instruments, for example, the violono and the saxophone. The percussion instruments, the piano and the drums, were utilized by Gene D Andrea and Andrew Hare. The string instrument, violono was played by Shaun Jurek. Singing was performed by Dr. Nakia Verner. Impressions was created by John Coltrane in 1961, during the modern era of music originating in the 20th Century till present day. The aspects of this music style incorporates tone color, variations of the traditional tonal system, melody, harmony and rhythm. Impressions was the last track composed by Coltrane before he was announced deceased on July 17, 1967. Impressions was considered as a counter creation to the creation The Love Supreme. Coltrane utilization of â€Å"stirring lyric preludes, rhythmic abstractions, culminating in a jubilant, wailing dialogueShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagessuccess! In the first half of the poem, I said that our school had the finest teachers there ever were. And in the latter half, I said our class was the greatest class ever graduated. Naturally, everybody applauded loudly. In 1916, the Clark family moved to Cleveland and lived in a basement apartment. Housing for blacks was almost nonexistent, and rents were high because of the migration of Southern blacks to Northern industrial cities during World War I. White European immigrants also lived inRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 PagesFitzgerald (The famous American novel) ................................................ 35 Historical Events: The American Great Depression (1929-1930s) ........................................................................................ 37 World War I (1914-1918) ......................................................................................................................... 39 Inventors and Innovators: The Wright Brothers (Pioneers of human flight) .....................................

ACS for Blind or Visually Impaired Clients- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theACS for Blind or Visually Impaired Clients. Answer: For Blind or Visually Impaired Clients For the blind or visually impaired to be able to operate a computer, they need to perform input/output operations. While using a pointing device is impossible, a program should be designed to accommodate the user to perform Input operations. Therefore, it is critical for the program to include tools that will replace the pointing device with the keyboard as the only input device. A screen reader is essential as it allows the program to read text on the screen and output it as sound. Additionally, for images, there is an algorithm that scans an image and converts grayscale images into musical soundscapes(Sumner, 2014). For employees and students, keyboards should have a nib on the letters F and J that will guide the fingers during typing. Also, common commands should be automated to ease accessibility and reduce repetition. Clients with Limited or Poor Hand Coordination Clients with limited or poor hand coordination may encounter problem in performing normal twists and turns responsible for operating a computer. Therefore, it is critical that the program includes features that will allow the user to basic computer I/O operation with limited mobility. Incorporation of onscreen keyboard allows the use of a joystick or a tracking ball to press keys on the onscreen keyboard image. Additionally, use of an autocorrect feature will help a person with poor hand mobility to type unique letters that represent a word or a block of text( Vanderheiden, G., Vanderheiden K., 1992). Bibliography Vanderheiden, G., Vanderheiden K., 1992. Guidelines for the Design of Consumer Products to Increase Their Accessibility to People with Disabilities or Who Are Aging, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin System. Sumner, T., 2014. Computer Program Allows the Blind to 'See' With Sound. [Online] Available at: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/03/computer-program-allows-blind-see-sound [Accessed 15 April 2018].

Switched Networks Essay Example For Students

Switched Networks Essay Switched NetworksNetworks are getting more and more popular,and because of this more people use them, which slows them down. Networks in the future will need to have enough bandwidth to support applications,like multimedia, witch require larger bandwidth. Switching will changethe way networks are designed. These changes will maximize productivity. Switching technology is increasingthe efficiency and speed of networks. This technology is making currentsystems more powerful. Many networks are experiencing bandwidth shortages. We will write a custom essay on Switched Networks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are several reasons for this including: an increase in traffic, becausenetworks have so many users, Amount of data between client/server applications,and the inefficient traffic patterns of most networks. Switching directs network trafficin a very efficient manner. It sends information directly from theport of origin directly to its destination port. Switching increasesnetwork performance, enhances flexibility and eases moves, add-ons andchanges. One of the benefits of switching is that it maintains adirect line of communication between two ports, and maintains multiplesimultaneous links between various ports. It reduces network trafficby reducing media sharing. This technology has some benefits overethernet routed networks. First, a 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps shared media canbe changed to 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps of dedicated bandwidth. Routers havemany devices attached to their ports, sharing the bandwidth. Switches letyou to connect either a shared segment of bandwidth (workgroup) or a dedicatedone (server) to each port. Second, this can be done without changing anysoftware or hardware already on the workstations Finally, a switch installationis less complex than a bridge/router configuration. A ethernet LAN runs at 10 Mbps. Stationsattach through a hub or repeater. Every station can receive transmissionsfrom all of the stations, but only in a half-duplex. This means that stationscannot send and receive data simultaneously. In a ethernet network onlyone packet can transmit at one time, this is what slows down networks. The bridge, the router and the switch, all attempt to reduce transmissiontime to increase performance. A two-port bridge splits a network intotwo physical segments and only lets a transmission cross if its destinationis on the other side. It also will only move a packet to the other sideif it is necessary. This reduces network traffic because trafficon one side stays local. Routers link multiple networks together. It maintains the flow of traffic and routes data to the network that itmust go to. (Each port has a unique network number.) it also has a firewallfunction. Bridges and routers have similar bus architectures. Switcheseliminate the bus architecture. Ethernet switches segment a LAN into manydedicated lines. A switch port may be configured in segments with manystations hooked to it or with a single station hooked to it. The rule isthat only one conversation may originate from any port at a time, it doesntmatter if there is one or a lot of stations connected to that port. Allports have to listen before they transmit. When a single LAN station isconnected to a switched port it is in full-duplex mode. This helpsbecause there are no collisions of packets since they are all separateports. Full-duplex switching means traffic can be sent and received atthe same time. Ethernet networks go from 100 Mbps to 200 Mbps. (hubs betweena workgroup and a switch will not run full-duplex, the workgroup is unswitchedethernet.). Switches are starting to be more popular than routersand bridges. Switches now do the segmentation once done by routers andbridges. Switches can do more than put a packet to one side or the other they send traffic right to its destination. .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 , .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .postImageUrl , .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 , .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8:hover , .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8:visited , .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8:active { border:0!important; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8:active , .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8 .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua99744870e6a658f1908b214b4b378d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Changes in Germany - 1933-1939 EssayRISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)is a type of CPU to process in switches. It is used for general,or simple task, RISC switches are not as well at performing specific tasks. One of the advantages of RISC is that itis inexpensive compared to one with customized CPU. RISCs are already somewhatcommon in businesses and are off-the-shelf processors. This typeof switch can perform some functions similar to a router. The downsideof this type of RISC is that it is a store-and-forward processor that isnot as fast as an ASIC switch. ASIC (Application Specific IntegratedCircuit) This is the other design widely used in switches to process. Theyare custom designed to handle specific operations, all of the functionsare in hardware. If any changes are needed, manufacturing must be doneto rework hardware. No software upgrades are available. Another type of network architecture thatis benefiting from switching is, token ring. One of the advantagesis ? faster and larger networks. Since switches do all of the workthat routers and bridges do, and are deticated, it makes since that companiesare using more and more switches in a token ring network. There isanother technology that is starting to get more popular than ethernet ortoken ring, it is called ATM. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), is sometimescalled technology of the future, but it is being used today. A major plusof ATM is that it is the first technology that can deliver different typesof traffic, such as voice, video and data, over a single digital line. ATM can also handle scaleable amounts of bandwidth, as a result of itsswitching architecture, which can support multimedia applications and networkgrowth for years. Within the last year or so, ATM is getting more and morepopular with businesses, and companies are now have test networks of alltypes. Many have begun the transition to ATM networks, while others arewaiting for technical committees to finalize ATM standards that will addfeatures and flexibility for their networks. Companies are trying to understandATM technology and how it will effect their business. They are aware thatthe cost of ATM products has fallen dramatically in the last year. ATMsslightly higher cost over shared networks (Ethernet, Token Ring.),is justified by three times the performance. This access allows for moreproductivity in the workplace. With a business wanting more and morespeed and reliability there will be and is new technology coming out everyday. It is important for telecommunications professionals, and businessesto understand what exactly the new technology will do to help improve profit.

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Huntington †Clash of Civilizations

Huntington – Clash of Civilizations Free Online Research Papers In his famous article Clash of Civilizations?, which was published in the summer of 1993 issue of Foreign Affairs, Huntington proclaims that with the end of the Cold War, a new basis of division has emerged in the world; the ideological conflicts of the past will be replaced by inter-cultural conflicts involving civilizations. Huntington identifies seven or eight major, contemporary civilizations: the Western, Latin American and Orthodox (these two possibly being derivations of Western civilization but with an own cultural identity), Islamic, Sinic, Hindu and Japanese, with the possibility of an African civilization completing the list. Furthermore, the conflict is unavoidable and will take place across civilizational borders or fault-lines. The clash will almost inevitably affect Australia as well, since it is part of Western civilization as shown in 2.1 – and due to the intensity of the clash Western vs. Islamic civilizations, Australia could face challenges due to its Muslim neighbours. Furthermore, Australia is also affected, not only by such fault-line conflicts, but also by the possibility of a loss of cultural identity due to its attempts to integrate in economic regional institutions such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). Another example for the special case that Australia offers is the aspect of the torn countries. These are nations that have their own homogeneous culture and can’t be affiliated to a civilization as understood by Huntington, which would leave Australia as an independent entity. To what extent Huntington is right with his affirmations, and if they can really steer the system of modern international politics, will be discussed by applying his thoughts to Australia as a showcase scenario. For a better understanding of the underlying problems, we will firstly depict Huntington’s statements and later apply his thoughts to the situation of Australia in the international system. By doing so, we will prove Huntingtons paradigm wrong in various ways. 2. What are Civilizations and why will they clash For Huntington the grouping of countries into the first, second or third world is no longer of importance. The only thing that matters is their cultural and ethnic, in short, civilizational allegiance. But what are civilizations, in which ways do they differ from one another and why will they clash? 2.1 Civilizations, Culture and Religion Culture is the highest level of identity for Huntington, it is the broadest level of identification an individual can have with a collective (i.e. ethnic or religious groups). It is what all Arabs or Hindus have in common and at the same time, differentiates them from Westerners or Africans. It is, in a sense, the smallest common noun in a group itself defined by culture. And this cultural entity is what takes the form of a civilization. The criteria by which he differs civilizations from one another are origin, religion, language, history, values, customs and traditions, institutions. According to this, Huntington divides the world into eight civilizations: the Western, Latin American, Orthodox, Islamic, Sinic, Hindu, Japanese and African. Five of these have their respective core state (leading country) or states: for Western civilization it is the European Union (EU) and the United States; for the Orthodox civilization it is Russia; for the Sinic civilization, China; for the Hindu civilization, India; and for the Japanese civilization, Japan. There is no such core state for the Islamic civilization (being so widespread Huntington prefers to point out three subdivisions: the Arabic, Turkish and Malaysian ), nor for Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. The division of countries into civilizations seems random since Greece is not part of Western civilization but of the Slavic-orthodox, even though it is a member of the European Union and NATO and Western civilization is based on the classic-Greek civilization. Furthermore, even though they both form part of the Islamic civilization, there is little in common between Tunisia and Indonesia apart from religion. Thus, the central aspect in Huntington’s differentiation between civilizations is of religious nature even if he prefers to call it cultural. In der modernen Welt ist Religion eine zentrale, vielleicht sogar die zentrale Kraft, welche die Menschen motiviert und mobilisiert.â€Å" â€Å"()Menschen kmpfen und sterben fà ¼r ihren Glauben.â€Å" To the six major civilizations Huntington has depicted, we can assign one world religion or subordinate branch (the catholic/protestant and the orthodox are all Christians) to each Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, Christianit y, and Islam – or to put it in his own words: †die grossen Religionen sind () in einem sehr realen Sinn die Grundlagen, auf denen die grossen Zivilisationen ruhen.â€Å" 2.2 Why Civilizations will Clash Huntington exposes six reasons why it will come to a clash between civilizations. First, the differences between civilizations are basic. They are â€Å"the product of centuriesâ€Å" and „far more fundamental than differences among political ideologies and political regimesâ€Å" Since man is born into them, they play a substantial part in the kind of education received. This implies that differing views in subjects such as God and man or family values of a socio-political kind will inevitably lead to conflict. Second, the increasing interactions between civilizations make the differences and commonalities between them clearer, sharpening predilections or prejudices and thus intensifying cultural consciousness. Third, the global economic modernization estranges people from their traditional identities, weakening the nation state as source of identity and fostering the revival of religion and religious movements. â€Å"Global has no roots and people want roots.â€Å" Only through globalization do people notice their cultural belonging. Fourth, the West, with its dominating role in the international stage, can either motivate to join or create the opposite †back to the rootsâ€Å" phenomenon. Other civilizations won’t let their values be felt as inferior to those of the West, and they †increasingly have the desire, the will and the resources to shape the world in non-Western ways.† Fifth, the impossibility to change cultural differences makes it very difficult to overcome them since †they are less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic onesâ€Å". So the question asked by Huntington is †what are you?â€Å", since †a person can be half-French and half-Arab and simultaneously even a citizen of two countries. It is more difficult to be half-Catholic and half-Muslim. â€Å" Again, the religious belief is the biggest defining element when finding out the alignment of the individual. Finally, the increase in economic regionalism will reinforce civilization-consciousness and at the same time can only succeed based on a common culture. NAFTA (Mexico became member in 1996), ASEAN or Mercosur serve as examples, as do the difficulties Japan faces in creating a similar economic institution. 2.3 The Conflicts along the Faultlines and the Kin-country Syndrome The faultlines are the borders between civilizations, which is where the cultural battles will take place. It seems that Western and Islamic civilizations have been in conflict for the past thirteen-hundred years culminating in the Iraqi and Yugoslavian wars, †(t)his centuries old military interaction between the West and Islam is unlikely to decline. It could become more virulent.† The next idea worthy of comment is the kin-country syndrome which holds for a self-evident truth, that the rallying of allies is easiest and almost exclusive to countries of the same civilization 2.4 The West versus the Rest The West dominates every aspect of international relations, be it of political, security or economic kind since it plays the leading and founding role in the major international institutions (i.e. U.N., IMF, WTO). For instance, it has three seats out of five in the U.N. Security Council and â€Å"(t)hrough the IMF the West promotes its economic interests and imposes on other nations the economic policies it thinks appropriate.† Huntington sees the actions taken by the West as assuring and maintaining of Western predominance in the globe, which he finds necessary. But at the same time, other states, like China, will not accept a world in which its values are regarded as inferior to those of the West and will not accept global socio-economic institutions which limit its possibilities. â€Å"The values that are most important in the West are least important worldwide† and trying to affirm or impose them on an international institution or maybe even on another culture ca n cause misunderstandings and will lead to a re-indigenization or reaffirmation of traditional values. Huntington sees three possible reactions to Western hegemony from other states. The first option is to follow a course of isolation from the West and western policies as North Korea does. Unluckily though, this can only be achieved through massive public-control by the state so as to avoid the cultural Westoxication of the nation in question. This is not only costly but also proves to be a Herculean task, since ranging from the internet to the purchase of the simplest necessity, the West is almost always involved and present (for example the free market, freedom of speech, etc). The second possibility is â€Å"band-wagoningâ€Å" which means to try and join a country on the rise instead of looking for the classical balance of power. It involves accepting the leading country’s values and institutions. Turkey would be a good example since it is trying to join the EU. It is also what Huntington denominates a torn country, which will be explained in the following chapter. The third and last possibility is for a country or group of them to try and build a counter-balance to the West. To work though, they need a more or less equal military capacity as well as economic power, and while cooperating with each other (either intra- or inter-civilizational) to â€Å"[preserve] indigenous values and institutions; in short, to modernize but not to Westernize.â€Å" So Huntington acknowledges that the existing structure of international institutions is indeed a product of Western hegemony and reflects Western values. Only by adopting a policy of coexistence and recognizing the legitimacy of the values the other civilizations hold as sacred, can a violent conflict between civilizations be avoided. 2.5 The Torn Countries A torn country has a homogenial culture (i.e. customs, history, religion, etc.) Normally its history, culture and traditions are mostly non-Western but their leaders, according to Huntington , usually seek a bandwagoning strategy to join the West but they also have to heed the wishes of the antagonistic, traditionalist forces. For a torn country to be accepted into a new civilization, there are three requirements it must meet: First, the intellectual elite of the country must be willing to and support the change, since they are the ones to make the future changes. Second, the citizens of the country must be willing to adopt their new identity as well, since they are the bearers of the burden. Third, the civilization the country in question wants to join must be willing â€Å"to embrace the convert†. 3. Making the Case for Australia 3.1 Australias Place in the World According to Huntingtons own explanation, Australia is part of Western civilization. About 95% of Australians are of European descent (mostly British and Irish), with a minority of its population being of Asian (1,5%) or indigenous (2.2%) descent. Around 70% of its population has Christian beliefs, and its form of government is a Parliamentary Monarchy (i. e. Democratic form of government); which undoubtedly situates Australia in the midst of western countries. 3.2 Conflicts and Faultlines Now that the question of Australias civilizational affiliation is cleared, the question of intercultural conflicts arises. First, the most obvious faultline that affects Australia emerges from the border with Indonesia, a Islamic country. Since the 1970s the greatest priority of Australian foreign policy had been to have good diplomatic ties with Indonesia. So it came, that PMs Whitlam, Hawke and Keating kept supporting Indonesia in a show of Chamberlainesque appeasement, even after they had invaded East-Timor (a predominantly Catholic country) in 1975 . When John Howard was elected in 1996, he immediately sent peacekeeping forces into East Timor and advocated Australias support for their independence. The role of this support of an essentially Christian country against a Muslim nation was detrimental to Australias reputation with other Muslim countries. One could also argue, that the political cost of mobilization to help East Timor was lower, since East Timor is also a Christian country. This would prove Huntingtons idea of the kin-country syndrome. This is supported as well by various other decisions made on foreign policy. John Howards foreign policy initiatives during his administration where mainly directed at strengthening the link between Australia and the USA, culminating in a belligerent engagement in Afghanistan and Iraq . Clearly a political course of bandwagoning with the stronger power. Thus, the combination of supporting the US and the Timorese against the Muslim World has had detrimental effects on Australias relationship with Middle Eastern countries and some Asian countries, which has only been improved through the generous relief given to the victims of the Tsunami of 2004. 3.3 Australia, a Torn Country? Australia has undertaken important steps towards economic integration in the South-East Pacific region. It has joined APEC and shown true commitment to its cause by enlarging its annual budget allowance for APEC in 2007 up to AU14.5$ According to Huntington, this shows that Australian leaders are aiming at making a torn country in reverse out of Australia. This means, that they seek to defect from western civilization and to redefine themselves as an Asian country. According to Huntington, Australian leaders argued that their countries future lay within the dynamic economies of East Asia. Yet as Huntington poses, close economic cooperation normally requires a cultural base (like in the EU, Mercosur or NAFTA). Taking the thought even further, even if the Australian elites where willing to go that far, the Australian population would have to give their consent (a very improbable thing to happen) and the new hosting Civilization would have to accept the newcomer (Australia), which is about as improbable . As of now, not a single country has succesfully realigned itself within a new civilizational community, and the chances of it happening look rather bleak. To support the idea of the problematic realignment – in terms of financial interests – it suffices to check the proposals for an All- Asian Free Trade Zone presented by Malaysia in 1990 called the East Asia Economic Caucus (EAEC) or East Asia Economic Group (EAEG), which encompassed member states of ASEAN The initiative was presented due to the dissatisfaction of joining ASEAN (an Asian-states-only institution) with APEC (which has member states from the western civilization as well- i.e. USA, Australia) and was aimed at leaving out any western powers. In the end little was done to materialize any final agreements on implementation of EAEC . Still, this serves as an example to clarify to what extent Australia would have faced difficulties in trying to align itself in a new Civilization. The core countries would have left them out. 4. Conclusion All in all, Huntington presents his thoughts clearly and finds some strong arguments to back his different thesis. After having applied parts of his work to Australia the credit one must give him seems to rise. Yet one should beware taking his work as the new paradigm for international relations since some of his ideas are still unproven. In Australias case, economic cooperation with its neighbours can ensure a rise in the living standards of the nations involved, which in itself has the gracious side effect of improving conditions for democracies to foster. According to the modernization theory, richer populations usually expect more freedom from their governing elite, which in the end usually results in a turn towards a more democratic environment. The better news is that democracies have the tendency to sort problems with other democratic countries in non-violent ways, making a peaceful coexistence easier. That way, Australia could very well forfeit belligerent stands on its diver se neighbours along its faultlines, and instead focus on economic development and free trade. The rise in the budget made for APEC shows that it is willing to invest in means of fighting corruption and empowering free trade in its neighbouring countries which according to Huntingtons Hobbesian view of international relations would seem imposible. List of â€Å"Australia.† Der Fischer Weltalmanach: 2006. Frankfurt a. M. 2006 Huntington, Samuel P.: Kampf der Kulturen, Die Neugestaltung der Weltpolitik im 21. Jahrhundert. Mà ¼nchen: 1996 Huntington, Samuel P.: â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?† Foreign Affairs, Volume 72 Nr.3, Summer 1993 Fickling, David: â€Å"Australia to send troops to Afghanistan† The Guardian Wednsday July 13, 2005 Hopkins, Andrea: â€Å"Australia let Indonesia invade East Timor in 1975† The Guardian Wednesday September 13, 2000 Information on ASEANs decision regarding EAEC, in: aseansec.org/9269.htm Lubbers, R.F.M: â€Å"A response to Samuel Huntington.† September 1997. December 20th 2007 â€Å"Australia Increases Contribution to APEC.† News Release Issued by the 19th Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Ministerial Meeting Sydney: September 6, 2007 REUTERS: â€Å"Our alliance with the US remains pivotal† The Guardian, Saturday October 9 2004 Rushdie, Salman: â€Å"Yes, this is about Islam.† New York Times, November 2, 2001, January 24, 2008 Triandis, Harry C.: â€Å"Cross-Cultural Studies of Individualism and Collectivism. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation.† New York Times, Dec. 25, 1990 â€Å"Und dann die Atombombe. Gesprch mit Professor Samuel Huntington† Der Spiegel, Nr. 48, 25.11.1996 Research Papers on Huntington - Clash of CivilizationsCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to AfricaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is Art

Task 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Task 3 - Essay Example Foremost, the Mughal Empire had collapsed and regional states had taken centre stage (Page, 2003). As a result, thirst for power by political contestants took center stage as they sought to consolidate power in coastal states through support from the Company administrators. Second, trade rivalries between the British and French prompted each one to build alliances with opponent political groups for purposes of extracting maximum benefits for their respective trade companies (Page, 2003). Furthermore, the personal ambitions of amassing wealth were at play in the company’s political involvement. However, one event proved vital in establishing company rule. It was the British victory over the French in Southeast India and consequent fomenting of their presence in Bengal (Page, 2003). Consequently, the company created Indian Sepoy armies that were used to gradually gain economic control over the expansive Indian territory and dismantling any forms of resistance (Page, 2003). The B ritish vision for India was one whereby the population was unified in speaking one language. Consequently, from 1818 to 1857, the company rule enforced social reforms and government policies based on British values. The company rule faced rebellion from the indigenous Hindus and Indians. It was known as the Sepoy rebellion of 1857. The rebellion was precipitated by several factors that were instigated by the British company. First, the Indians were offended by the apparent efforts by the British to convert them to Christianity. Second, the Indians were angered by the British efforts to instill social change by ending slavery and improving the social status of women in households. However, the boiling point arose when the Sepoy soldiers were forced to bite cartridges that were oiled with animal fat before loading them in their guns (Page, 2003). Apparently, the animal fat used was an affront to Hindu religion since it was derived from pig and cow fat. Consequently, the aggrieved Sepo ys rebelled against the British soldiers and the rebellion spurned across Central and Northern India (Page, 2003). However, the rebellion was defeated by the British army and the aftermath was burnt down villages, loss of innocent Indian lives and a wave of mistrust between the Indians and British. As a result, the British changed tact by removing the company rule and establishing a British Colony in India (Page, 2003). However, a wave of Indian nationalism led by rising middle class nationals started to agitate for Indian independence from Britain. One such movement was the Indian National congress that espoused political unity in the push for independence by 1914. B. Comparison of Tactics The Indian Independence Movement employed a non violent resistance against the British colonial rule. It was led by the revolutionary leader, Mahatma Gandhi. The movement preached a united and non violent Indian resistance against the British rule. Mahatma Gandhi drew his method of non violence f rom the philosophical tactics employed by Baba Ram Singh during the Kuka Movement of 1870s (Page, 2003).The resistance came after a backdrop of issues that the colonial government was perpetrating against the Indians. First, the British had divided the India into regions classified as the Princely states and British India (Page, 2003). The Britons had devised the partitioning as a tool for